|
|
|
|
Altimeter
|
|
An instrument that measures elevation
by using barometric pressure (The pressure of air in the
atmosphere).
|
Altitude
|
|
Distance
above sea level.
|
Azimuth
|
|
Refers
to the degree of bearing from your current position to another
position. Azimuth means bearing. The direction from one position
to another position. The set range of Azimuth is 0? to
360?.
|
Azimuth
Ring
|
|
This
refers to the ring formed by the top side of the Azimuth
housing's outer edge. The Azimuth ring contains rule markings. These marking represent a scale of measure.
The units of measure can be "degree", "mil", "quater quadrant"
or a combination of these units. For navigation
purposes the most common scale used is 0?
to 360? degrees.
|
Azimuth
Housing
|
|
This
makes up the main body of the compass. The Azimuth housing
contains the magnetic needle and the Azimuth ring. The housing
rotates within the compass base to facilitate bearing readings.
|
Back Bearing
|
|
The 180-dregree opposite of the
azimuth or bearing. Also know as back azimuth.
|
Back Sighting
|
|
The term used to refer to the action
taken while establish a back bearing.
|
Base Plate
|
|
A see-through plate of an orienteering
compass onto which, the compass housing is mounted.
|
Bearing
|
|
The
direction from one position to another position. A bearing is
stated in degrees and falls into a set range from 0?
to 360?.
|
Bench Mark
|
|
A permanent object that is either
natural or man-made and has a known elevation that can be used as
a reference point when navigating.
|
Boxing
The Needle
|
|
A term used to refer to the action of
placing the red end of the magnetic needle exactly over the red
end of the orienting arrow when determining a bearing. Since the
orienting arrow is slightly larger than the magnetic needle, it
appears to box the magnetic needle. This boxing action can also be
referred to as "red on red" or centering" the needle.
|
Cardinal
Points
|
|
The four main points of direction on a
compass; North, 360 degrees; EAST, 90 Degrees; SOUTH, 180 degrees;
WEST, 270 degrees.
|
Cardinal
Direction
|
|
The four main points of direction on a
compass; North, 360 degrees; EAST, 90 Degrees; SOUTH, 180 degrees;
WEST, 270 degrees.
|
Clinometer
|
|
The
Clinometer can be a device, or, a feature on a compass in which a
measure of vertical angles can be taken; such as a slope of a
hill. Clinometers can also be used as a level.
|
Contour
Interval
|
|
The difference in elevation (height)
between one contour line and the next. This interval is either
expressed in feet or meters.
|
Contour
Line
|
|
Found on topographical maps to
indicate elevation of the land. Each contour line often comprises
of an irregular closed loop that connects points of equal land
elevation. The line with a darker shade of brown, typically every
fifth line, is called an index contour and usually has the
elevation printed on it. Elevations refer to elevation above sea
level.
|
Curvimeter
|
|
The Curvimeter is an instrument used to measures straight and
curved lines by hand. Measurement of angles, maps and drawings
is made easy.
|
Declination
|
|
Declination is the error
between true North and magnetic North. All maps are based on
true North and all magnetic compass needles point to magnetic
North.
Current Magnetic
Declination For Your Precise Location Computed Online
Click Here
While results are typically accurate to 30
minutes of arc, users should be aware
that solar storms can cause intense, short-term disturbances in
the earth's magnetic field.
Today's Space Weather Report
NOAA Space Report Related To GPS
& Loran-C Users
CLICK HERE
Space Weather Alerts
More
Information: World Magnetic Model:
information
World Map Image
|
Declination
Angle
|
|
The declination angle is
the measure of angle between the bearings of true North and
magnetic North. The declination angle is different all over the
world. In the United States it varies by as much as 42 degrees
from coast to coast.
See
Map Glossary For Current Magnetic Declination
Data
|
Degree
|
|
A
unit for measuring an angle or an arc of a circle. A circle is
divided into 360 degrees. Degrees, when applied to the roughly
spherical shape of the Earth for geographic and cartographic
purposes, are each divided into 60 minutes.
|
Easting
|
|
A
position on Earth is measured in meters using an easting &
northing label. Easting provides
east and west positioning from a zone meridian, and increases
from left to right (east). A term used with UTM.
|
Fluid
Damped
|
|
The
magnetic needle of the compass is contained in a sealed, fluid
filled, clear vial. The purpose of this fluid is to dampen or
slow down the spinning action of the needle. This gives quicker
and more accurate readings than can be had from cheaper,
non-dampened compasses.
|
Geomagnetism
|
|
The study of geomagnetism is one of the oldest
of the geophysical sciences. Since before the publication of
William Gilbert's De Magnete in 1600, people have tried to unravel
the mysteries of Earth's magnetic field.
The
National Geophysical Data Center maintains archives of
geomagnetic data to further the understanding of Earth magnetism
and the Sun-Earth environment.
Geomagnetism Data - NOAA Satellite & Information Center
|
Graduations
|
|
The
series of degree marking on the azimuth ring used for taking
bearings.
|
Index
Line
|
|
The point on a compass
where the direction-of-travel arrow meets the Azimuth ring. At
this point the degree reading should be read to establish a
bearing.
|
Inclination
|
|
Lines of magnetic force vary from vertical at the
magnetic poles, to horizontal near the equator. This
vertical pulling force of the magnetic field is called
Magnetic Inclination. Most compass
needles must be balanced for this magnetic
pull so the needle can freely move in the capsule.
For a more detail and world compass zone
chart
Click
Here.
Because the Earth's magnetic field is
constantly changing, it is impossible to accurately predict what
the field will be at any point in the very distant future.
Current Magnetic
Inclination For Your Precise Location Computed Online
Click Here
|
Latitude
|
|
The distance in degrees north and south from the equator. These
lines run laterally (horizontally) around the globe and parallel
to the equator. One minute of latitude equals 1 nautical mile.
|
Lensatic
Compass
|
|
A compass which uses a
retractable lens to read the bearing while simultaneously
sighting an object.
|
Longitude
|
|
The distance in degrees east and west from the Prime Meridian
established in Greenwich, England. These lines run vertically
(lengthwise) around the globe and connect each pole.
|
Magnetic
Declination
|
|
Magnetic declination is the difference between
true and magnetic north. It is measured in degrees to the East or
West of magnetic north. Declination angles vary throughout the
world.Magnetic Field - Declination
Computation Online -
Click Here
|
Magnetic Inclination
|
|
Magnetic inclination is also sometimes called
"magnetic dip". Magnetic inclination is the angle measured from
the horizontal plane to the
magnetic field vector (the directional pull of the
magnetic force).Compass Inclination
Details
Click
Here.
|
Magnetic
Needle
|
|
The needle that points at
magnetic north.
|
Magnetic
North
|
|
The geographical region
towards which all magnetic needles point. This point is
approximately thirteen hundred miles south of true north and
moves slightly each year. This movement is due to the earth's
rotation and the friction created between its solid crust and
liquid center.
|
Metadata
|
|
Metadata describe the content, quality,
condition, and other characteristics of data. Data describing Data
|
Mirrored
Compass
|
|
A compass which allows
the user to simultaneously sight an object and align the
orienting needle and magnetic needle.
|
MIL
|
|
Some compasses are offered with an optional
azimuth ring with a "mil" scale.
"Mil" is a unit of angle measure, used in the military for
artillery settings.
During World War II the U. S. Army often used a mil equal to
1/1000 of a right angle, 0.1 grad, 0.09?, or 5.4 arcminutes.
More recently, various NATO armies have used a mil equal to
1/1600 right angle, or 0.05625? (3.375 moa).
|
Northing
|
|
A
position on Earth is measured in meters using an easting &
northing label. Northing provides
north and south position from the Equator, and increases from
bottom to top (north). A term used with UTM.
|
Orienteering
|
|
Orienteering refers to
the practice of using a map and compass to determine route of
travel.
|
Orienting
Arrow
|
|
The
orienting arrow is a permanent stationary marking in the Azimuth
housing of a compass. The Orienting arrow is slightly wider than
the magnetic needle and is used to frame the magnetic needle
when establishing a bearing.
Casanova's
|
Orienting
Lines
|
|
Orienting
lines are lines on the bottom of the compass housing that
parallel the orienting arrow.
|
Prismatic
Compass
|
|
A
compass with a mirror designed to allow a user to see both
distant objects being sighted and the compass face at the same
time.
|
Protractor
|
|
An
instrument used to determine and measure angles in degrees. A
protractor can be useful when
projecting magnetic lines across a map. A Protractor can
be found as a built-in feature on a compass.
|
Quadrant
|
|
Some compasses are offered with an optional
azimuth ring with a "Quadrant"
scale.Quadrant is a unit of angle measure equal to 1/4
circle, pi/2 radians, 90?, or 100
grads.
Definition 2
Quadrant is a unit of distance equal to the distance from the
North Pole to the Equator.
The metric system was originally designed to make this
distance exactly 10 million meters (6213.71 miles).
The actual meter comes close to the design.
Using the conventional figures of 12756 kilometers for the
equatorial diameter of the earth and 12714 kilometers for the
polar diameter, and assuming the earth to have elliptic cross
section, the length of the quadrant is about 10 001 300 meters
(6214.52 miles).
In principle, the quadrant is divided into 5400 nautical
miles; in fact, 5400 international nautical miles equal 10 000
800 meters.
|
Radian (Rad)
|
|
Radian is a unit of angle measure widely used in mathematics and
science.One radian, is the angle at the center of a circle,
that cuts off an arc-of-length equal to the radius.
Since the circumference equals 2 pi
times the radius, one radian equals 1/(2
pi) of the circle, or approximately 57.295 779?.
When angles are stated in radians, the constant
pi tends to disappear from the
equations, and this greatly simplifies calculation. For
example, the length of an arc is simply its radius multiplied by
its angular measure in radians, and the area of a sector of a
circle is simply its angular measure in radians multiplied by
half the square of the radius.
The radian was defined and named by James Thomson in 1873.
Thomson was a mathematics professor at Queen's College, Belfast,
Northern Ireland, and the brother of the famous physicist
William Thomson, Lord Kelvin.
|
Rule,
Ruler
|
|
Also known as "ruler" or "scale".
A system of marks at fixed intervals, used as a reference
standard in measurement.
Some compass companies refer to a ruler on a compass as
a "rule" or "scale".
When referring to a compass, the rule or scale, is a standard ruler of measured
units. Common rulers on compasses would be measures of
distance in: centimeters (cm); millimeters (mm); inches;
meters; kilometers; yards; and miles.
|
Scale
|
|
1) The
distance between two points on a map as they relate to the
distance between those two points on the earth.
2)
A proportion used in determining the dimensional relationship of a
representation to that which it represents: a world map with a
scale of 1:4,560,000.
3)
When referring to a compass, the scale is a ruler of measure.
A system of ordered marks at fixed intervals used as a reference
standard in measurement. See Rule.
|
Sighting
Line
|
|
Sometimes called the line of sight,
the sighting line refers to the imaginary line that is used to
sight along when reading a bearing.
|
Temperature
|
|
Numerical
measures of heat or cold registered on a thermometer. The common
measures (scales) of temperature are Fahrenheit and Celsius.
Water freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit or 0 degrees Celsius.
|
Topographic
|
|
Of
or having to do with topography or the physical features of a
place.
|
Topographic
Map
|
|
Also
referred to as Topo Map. A topographic map is a
2-dimensional drawing of real, 3-dimentional terrain. Hills and
valleys are represented through a series of contour lines. Each
contour line has a specific, constant elevation. The vertical
distance or height between the lines is stated on your map in
feet or meters. The closer the contour lines are together, the
steeper the actual terrain. The farther apart the contour lines,
the flatter or more gradual the slope of the terrain.
|
Topography
|
|
The
physical features of a place; or the study and depiction of
physical features, including land elevations.
|
True
North
|
|
(TN) The
direction pointing to the geographic north; the North Pole.
|
UTM
|
|
Universal
Transverse Mercator. A grid coordinate system, measured from the
Equator (0? latitude) and a zone meridian.
UTM divides the Earth into 60 zones, each with a meridian down
the center. A position on Earth is measured in meters using an
easting & northing label.
More Details and How To Use & Read UTM -
Click Here
|
U.S.G.S
|
|
U.S.
Geological Survey - The USGS
serves the Nation by providing reliable scientific information
to describe and understand
the Earth; minimize loss of
life and property from natural disasters; manage
water, biological, energy, and mineral resources; and enhance
and protect our quality of life. USGS
Glossary
|
Waypoint
|
|
A checkpoint used as a point of
reference when using electronic navigation instruments such as GPS
or Loran.
|
Winchill
|
|
The calculation of temperature as affected by
wind. Chart
|
Consulting,
Professional Speaker, And Professional Outfitting Logistics
Services Available
Email: Info @
CasanovasAdventures.com
CASANOVA'S
TRUSTED SINCE 1930
Who Is Your Outfitter?
World Sales & Support
Internet Since 1997 | Trusted Since 1930
Shopping Cart
